The phenomenon of professional mourners in Côte d’Ivoire: Women who bring a more solemn and emotional dimension to funerals

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In Côte d’Ivoire, mourning is a time steeped in rites and traditions that vary from one region to another. Among these practices, the phenomenon of professional mourners, known as « pleureuses » or « career mourners, » holds a unique place. These women, often hired to weep at funerals, embody a tradition deeply rooted in Ivorian culture, particularly among the Bété people in the western part of the country, while also adapting to contemporary social changes.

An Ancestral Tradition

Professional mourners play the role of crying and singing laments during funeral ceremonies. Their presence is intended to honor the deceased and provide comfort to the grieving family. In many African cultures, grief is expressed collectively, and mourners play an essential role in this dynamic. They are often seen as spokespeople for the community’s emotions, expressing sorrow and loss through song and tears.

A Profession in Its Own Right

Today, the role of a mourner has become a genuine profession for some women in Côte d’Ivoire. They are frequently sought after by families wishing to add a more solemn and emotional dimension to their funerals. These professional mourners may be hired for a range of events, from modest funerals to more elaborate ceremonies. Their payment varies depending on the mourner’s reputation, the duration of her intervention, and the complexity of the ceremony.

An Informal Economy

The phenomenon of professional mourners fits within an informal economy that reflects the country’s socio-economic realities. For many women, this profession provides a vital source of income, especially in a context where formal employment opportunities may be limited. Often from modest backgrounds, mourners find in this activity a way to support their families while preserving a cultural tradition.

Balancing Tradition and Modernity

While the profession of mourner is rooted in tradition, it is not immune to modern influences. With evolving funeral practices and growing urbanization, some mourners adapt their art to meet the expectations of an increasingly diverse clientele. They incorporate contemporary elements into their performances while respecting traditional rites. This fusion helps maintain the relevance of their role in a constantly changing world.

Challenges of the Profession

Despite its cultural and economic importance, the profession of a professional mourner is not without challenges. Prejudices surrounding this line of work can sometimes stigmatize those who practice it. Additionally, competition among mourners can be fierce, with some having to constantly reinvent themselves to remain relevant in the market. The longevity of this tradition also relies on passing down knowledge and skills to future generations.

The phenomenon of professional mourners in Côte d’Ivoire reflects the country’s cultural, social, and economic dynamics. By blending tradition with modernity, these women contribute to the richness of Ivorian cultural heritage while meeting the contemporary needs of grieving families. Their role, though often underappreciated, deserves recognition and appreciation as an integral part of Côte d’Ivoire’s funeral practices and cultural expressions.